scholarly journals Reaction of Peanut Cultivars to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Under Field Conditions and Their Response to Mechanical Inoculation by TSWV Under Greenhouse Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Al-Saleh ◽  
Hassan A. Melouk ◽  
Phillip Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

scholarly journals Survival and Reproductive Success of Tobacco Thrips on Three Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infected and Noninfected Peanut Cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract A comparison of the survival and reproductive success of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyviridae: Tospovirus) (TSWV) infected and uninfected peanut plants was conducted under greenhouse conditions in North Carolina. Three cultivars—NC 9, NC-V11, and NC 12C—adapted to North Carolina production practices were evaluated. A total of 180 individually caged plants, in three replicates, were infested with 20 female F. fusca each. Adult and larval thrips were collected after 30 d on the plants. Final counts were square root transformed and a mixed model analysis of variance conducted. Effects of cultivar and the virus-by-cultivar interaction were not statistically significant. TSWV-infected plants had significantly fewer adult and larval F. fusca than did uninfected plants for adults (P = 0.04) and for larvae (P = 0.01). This study reports on an alternative method of assessing TSWV resistance among peanut cultivars and the trend appears to support the conclusions of a previous field study, which found NC 9 more susceptible to TSWV than either NC-V11 or NC 12C.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Soybean in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1290-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Golnaraghi ◽  
N. Shahraeen ◽  
R. Pourrahim ◽  
Sh. Ghorbani ◽  
Sh. Farzadfar
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Wilt Virus

During the summers of 1999 and 2000, 3,110 soybean (Glycine max) leaf samples were randomly collected from soybean fields in the Ardebil, Goletan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Mazandaran provinces of Iran. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected in leaf samples by TSWV-specific polyclonal antibody (As-0526 and As-0580, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Mechanical inoculation of 26 plant species (10 plants per species) and cultivars with extracts of positive leaf samples produced necrotic local lesions in Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Talash, Vicia faba, and Vigna unguiculata cv. Mashad; produced systemic chlorosis followed by necrosis in Datura stramonium, D. metel, Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, N. glutinosa, N. bentamiana, and Glycine max cv. Hill; and produced chlorosis, stunting, and bud necrosis in Arachis hypogaea (peanut). Plants developing these symptoms following mechanical inoculation with extracts from original soybean leaves were positive in ELISA for TSWV. ELISA results indicate that the overall incidence of TSWV on soybean in the five provinces was 5.4%. TSWV has been reported in potato (2) and tomato (1) from Iran, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of TSWV on soybean in Iran. References: (1) K. Bananej et al. Iran. J. Plant Pathol. 34:30, 1998. (2) R. Pourrahim et al. Plant Dis. 85:442, 2001.

Response of Eight Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars to the Herbicide AC 263,222

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Craig K. Kvien
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Field experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993 in Georgia evaluated the response of the peanut cultivars Florunner, Georgia Runner, Goldkist GK 7, NC 7, NC-V11, Southern Runner, Sunrunner, and AgraTech VC-1 to AC 263,222 applied early-postemergence (EPOST) at 71 g ha-1. Visual injury, which was less than 13%, was independent of cultivar, and injury was not evident on any cultivar midseason. AC 263,222 slightly reduced canopy width consistently on all cultivars. The only significant effect on percentage fancy pods, medium, No. 1, sound splits, damaged, and other kernels was the main effect of cultivar. There was a significant cultivar, AC 263,222, and cultivar-by-AC 263,222 effect on extra large kernels (ELK) and jumbo kernel percentages. Southern Runner and NC-V11 had significantly lower percentage jumbo and ELK, respectively when treated with AC 263,222. In addition, Florunner and Sunrunner also had numerically less percentage jumbo kernels. Reductions in percentages of ELK and jumbo were probably the result of AC 263,222-induced maturity delays. However, these reductions were not reflected in peanut yields. The occurence of late and early leaf spot, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and southern stem rot was independent of both cultivar and AC 263,222.

scholarly journals Field Isolates of Tomato spotted wilt virus Overcoming Resistance in Pepper and Their Spread to Other Hosts in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 950-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Roggero ◽  
Vera Masenga ◽  
Luciana Tavella
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

Isolates of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) severely and systemically infecting commercial pepper cultivars with resistance introgressed from Capsicum chinense PI152225 were found in Albenga (northwestern Italy) in July 2000. Experimentally, these resistance-breaking (RB) isolates overcame the resistance in C. chinense PI152225, but they produced infection in other hosts similarly to non-RB isolates from the same area. The RB isolates were indistinguishable from TSWV by serology and electron microscopy, and they were efficiently transmitted by Frankliniella occidentalis. Such isolates were recovered on the same farm in tomato, pepper, and artichoke 2 and 12 months later, suggesting natural spread from the resistant plants and survival. The RB isolates survived in experimental mixed infections with a non-RB isolate in susceptible pepper and C. chinense, but cross-protection in pepper acted against them. Commercial TSWV-resistant pepper but not resistant tomato cultivars from different companies were susceptible to these RB isolates after mechanical inoculation. Similar isolates were not detected among TSWV samples collected from 1993 to 2000 in the area. The management of TSWV and thrips using resistant pepper cultivars is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of peanut genotypes for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus by mechanical and thrips inoculation

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento ◽  
Viboon Pensuk ◽  
Nivânia Pereira da Costa ◽  
Francisco Miguel de Assis Filho ◽  
Gilvan Pio-Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Ic 10 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Wilt Virus

The objective of this work was to evaluate the reactions of three peanut breeding lines (IC-10, IC-34, and ICGV 86388) to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) by mechanical and thrips inoculation, under greenhouse conditions, and compare them to the reactions of cultivars SunOleic, Georgia Green, and the breeding line C11-2-39. TSWV infection by mechanical inoculation was visually assessed using an index ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (apical death). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to confirm TSWV infection from both mechanical and thrips inoculations. IC-10, IC-34, ICGV 86388, and C11-2-39 were more resistant than the cultivars SunOleic and Georgia Green based on mechanical inoculation. Upon thrips inoculation only IC-34 and ICGV-86388 were infected by TSWV, as demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), although no symptoms of infection were observed. The peanut breeding lines IC-10, IC-34, and ICGV 86388 show higher level of resistance to TSWV than cultivar Georgia Green considered a standard for TSWV resistance.

scholarly journals Differential Response of Selected Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Genotypes to Mechanical Inoculation by Tomato spotted wilt virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mandal ◽  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Screening of peanut germ plasm for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been largely inefficient due to the lack of a screening technique based on mechanical transmission of the virus under controlled environmental conditions. We have studied the reaction of three peanut cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia Runner, C-99R) and one breeding line (C11-2-39) using a highly efficient mechanical inoculation procedure. The disease response was studied at two temperature regimes, 25 to 30°C (low temperature) and 30 to 37°C (high temperature). Based on percent transmission, symptomatology, distribution of TSWV, and relative levels of TSWV nucleocapsid (N) protein, Georgia Runner and Georgia Green were found to be susceptible, whereas C-99R and C11-2-39 were resistant. Of the four genotypes tested, C11-2-39 had the highest level of resistance to TSWV. The results correlated with the field performance of the genotypes except in the case of Georgia Green, which could not be distinguished from TSWV-susceptible Georgia Runner. Exposure of the inoculated plants to higher temperature (30 to 37°C) resulted in a better resistant response as reflected by reduced systemic infection, localized symptom expression, restricted viral movement, and reduced levels of TSWV antigen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of differential response of peanut genotypes to TSWV using mechanical inoculation. The four peanut genotypes should be useful as reference standards for the initial screening and identification of sources of TSWV resistance in peanut germ plasm.

scholarly journals Response of New Field-Resistant Peanut Cultivars to Twin-Row Pattern or In-Furrow Applications of Phorate for Management of Spotted Wilt

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1307-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
B. L. Tillman ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
C. Nischwitz
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
New Cultivars

Field experiments were conducted at Marianna, FL in 2006 and Tifton, GA in 2006 and 2007 to compare new peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars to the moderately resistant cv. Georgia Green and the highly resistant cv. AP-3 for field resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), genus Tospovirus, and to determine the effects of in-furrow application of phorate insecticide and use of twin-row versus single-row patterns on incidence of spotted wilt in these cultivars. Cvs. Georgia Green, AP-3, Georgia-03L, Georgia-01R, Florida-07, McCloud, and York were evaluated in all five experiments, and Tifguard was added in experiments at Tifton. All cultivars except McCloud had lower incidence of spotted wilt than Georgia Green in all experiments. McCloud was intermediate in resistance to TSWV and had lower incidence of spotted wilt than Georgia Green in four of five experiments. Use of the twin-row pattern also reduced incidence of spotted wilt in McCloud in both years. On Georgia Green, phorate reduced incidence of spotted wilt in 2007 and twin-row pattern reduced incidence in both years. Phorate had no effect on spotted wilt in AP-3, Georgia-03L, McCloud, Georgia-01R, or Tifguard in either year. Twin-row pattern reduced either final incidence or area under the disease progress curve in all cultivars in at least 1 year of the study. All of these new cultivars should reduce the risk of losses to spotted wilt compared with Georgia Green. In highly resistant cultivars, especially AP-3, York, and Tifguard, use of phorate insecticide or twin-row pattern may not be necessary, and may not provide noticeable benefit in reduction of spotted wilt or increased yield.

Georgia-06G, Florida-07, and Tifguard Peanut Cultivar Response to Chlorimuron

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-431
Author(s):  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
Theodore M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
New Cultivars

Recent shifts in the peanut cultivars commercially grown have led to a renewed interest in the tolerance of these new cultivars to herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in Georgia from 2008 to 2011 to evaluate the effects of chlorimuron on the incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and yield of ‘Florida-07’, ‘Georgia-06G’, and ‘Tifguard’. Chlorimuron at 9 g ai ha−1 was applied at 60 to 69, 70 to 79, 90 to 99, and 100 to 109 d after peanut emergence (DAE). TSWV was increased by only 3% when chlorimuron was applied to Tifguard at 60 to 69 DAE. Yields of Florida-07 were not influenced by any timing of chlorimuron. Chlorimuron applied 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and 90 to 99 DAE caused yield reductions when applied to Georgia-06G. Yields of the cultivar Tifguard were reduced when chlorimuron was applied 70 to 79, 90 to 99, and 100 to 109 DAE. Yield losses from chlorimuron ranged from 7 to 11%.

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